Melanonychia: Brown or Black Discoloration of Nails
What is Melanonychia?
Melanonychia is a medical condition characterized by brown or black discoloration of the nails. It can affect both fingernails and toenails, causing them to appear dark and discolored.
Causes of Melanonychia
Melanonychia can be caused by a variety of factors, including:
- Fungal infections
- Bacterial infections
- Trauma to the nail
- Certain medications
- Genetic factors
- Melanoma (a type of skin cancer)
Symptoms of Melanonychia
The primary symptom of melanonychia is the brown or black discoloration of the nail. The discoloration can vary in intensity and may affect the entire nail or just a portion of it.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosing melanonychia typically involves a physical examination of the nail and a review of the patient's medical history. In some cases, a biopsy may be necessary to rule out melanoma. Treatment for melanonychia depends on the underlying cause and may include:
- Treating the underlying infection
- Removing damaged tissue
- Applying topical medications
- Surgery (in severe cases)
Prevention of Melanonychia
Preventing melanonychia is not always possible, but certain measures can reduce the risk:
- Wear protective footwear to prevent trauma to the nails
- Keep nails clean and trimmed
- Avoid using harsh chemicals or detergents
- See a doctor regularly if you have recurring nail problems
If you have brown or black discoloration of your nails, it is important to see a doctor to determine the underlying cause and receive appropriate treatment.
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